How Do Tree Surgeons Safely Treat Tree Fungus Issues?

In the world of arboriculture, one of the most persistent challenges faced by tree surgeons is fungal infection. While fungi are a natural part of woodland and garden ecosystems, certain species can pose a significant threat to tree health. Left untreated, fungal diseases may lead to structural instability, a decline in vitality, or even the eventual death of the tree. As part of this comprehensive guide to tree surgery, we explore how professional tree surgeons diagnose, manage, and treat tree fungus safely and effectively. This includes not only the treatment process itself but also the wider implications for responsible tree care and the health of urban environments.

Understanding Tree Fungus: The Basics

Fungi are unique organisms that differ from plants and animals. Unlike bacteria, fungi spread through spores and can remain dormant in soil, bark, or deadwood for years before becoming active. In trees, fungal infections can be:

• Parasitic, where the fungus feeds on living tissue.
• Saprophytic, feeding on dead or decaying material (and often harmless).
• Symbiotic, forming mutually beneficial relationships (as with mycorrhizal fungi).

It’s important to note that not all fungi are dangerous. In fact, many play essential roles in soil health and nutrient recycling. However, parasitic and pathogenic fungi, such as honey fungus, ash dieback, or Phytophthora, can compromise the structural integrity and long-term survival of trees.

What Causes Trees to Develop Fungal Infections?

Trees become susceptible to fungus when their natural defenses are weakened. Common causes include:

• Wounds from pruning, storm damage, or construction
• Soil compaction or poor drainage, leading to root stress
• Nutrient deficiencies or drought
• Existing pest infestations
• Age-related decline

Fungal spores can enter a tree through small openings or injuries, and if environmental conditions are favourable, such as prolonged dampness, they can multiply rapidly and colonise internal tissues.

Common Types of Harmful Tree Fungus in the UK

Tree surgeons in the UK regularly encounter several problematic fungi, including:

• Armillaria (Honey Fungus): A highly destructive root rot fungus. It spreads underground via black rhizomorphs and is difficult to detect early.
• Ganoderma: A heart rot fungus that causes internal decay, weakening trunks and branches over time.
• Ash Dieback (Hymenoscyphus fraxineus): A serious disease affecting ash trees, leading to widespread dieback and collapse.
• Phytophthora: A genus of water mould that affects roots, bark, and foliage, often in wet or poorly drained areas.
• Fusarium and Verticillium Wilts: Soil-borne fungi that block water transport within the tree.

Signs That a Tree May Be Infected

Tree surgeons are trained to identify subtle and early signs of fungal activity. Common indicators include:

• Presence of fruiting bodies (brackets, conks, or mushrooms) on bark, roots, or soil surface
• Cankers or sunken areas on the bark
• Dieback in the upper crown or branch tips
• Yellowing or browning of leaves during the growing season
• Cracked or bleeding bark
• Soft, spongy wood near the base
• Premature leaf drop or undersized foliage

In many cases, these symptoms may mimic other problems such as insect damage or nutrient deficiencies, so proper diagnosis is key.

Safe Treatment Methods Used by Tree Surgeons

1. Accurate Identification and Diagnosis

Before any treatment begins, a tree surgeon must first identify the exact type of fungus. This may involve:

• Visual inspection of symptoms and tree structure
• Collection of bark, leaf, or soil samples for laboratory analysis
• Use of decay detection tools (resistograph, sonic tomography)
• Evaluating surrounding vegetation and site history

Misidentifying a fungus can lead to ineffective or even harmful treatment approaches. Therefore, precision is essential.

2. Selective Pruning of Affected Areas

In many fungal infections, it is possible to remove infected branches or limbs to prevent spread. This process must be done with care:

• Only clean, sterilised tools are used to avoid spreading spores
• Cuts are made strategically to preserve as much healthy tissue as possible
• Sharp angles and proper technique help the tree heal naturally

Pruned materials are disposed of safely, often by incineration or chipping and removal from the site, depending on the fungus involved.

3. Tree Felling and Stump Removal (When Necessary)

If a tree is too far gone, particularly in cases of severe root rot or structural decay, removal may be the only safe option. Tree surgeons will:

• Conduct a full risk assessment to determine danger to people or property
• Use controlled dismantling techniques with ropes and pulleys
• Grind down or remove the stump, especially in cases like honey fungus, where the roots can still harbour infection

In urban environments, safety and minimal disruption are top priorities during this process.

4. Soil Treatment and Environmental Management

Fungal issues often stem from poor soil conditions. Tree surgeons can improve long-term tree health by:

• Aerating compacted soil around the root zone
• Enhancing drainage or installing root barriers
• Adding organic mulch to regulate soil temperature and moisture
• Recommending site changes to reduce physical stress

Healthier soil supports stronger trees that are better equipped to resist fungal pathogens.

5. Chemical or Biological Control (When Appropriate)

In limited cases, especially early-stage infections, chemical or biological products may be used. These include:

• Systemic fungicides that are injected or applied to leaves
• Phosphite-based drenches that stimulate the tree’s immune response
• Trichoderma fungi and other biological treatments that outcompete pathogens

These solutions must be applied carefully, in accordance with environmental regulations and best practices. Overuse or improper use can harm beneficial soil microbes.

6. Ongoing Tree Health Monitoring

Fungal infections can reoccur, so long-term monitoring is essential. Tree surgeons often provide annual or seasonal check-ups to:

• Reassess any areas previously affected
• Check for new signs of stress or disease
• Adjust care routines based on environmental changes
• Keep accurate records for tree preservation orders or insurance

Monitoring also allows the tree owner to plan maintenance before problems escalate.

Preventive Measures to Protect Trees from Fungal Infection

While not all fungal diseases can be prevented, many are avoidable with proper care. Best practices include:

• Avoiding mechanical damage to the trunk and roots
• Proper pruning during the dormant season
• Mulching around the base of trees (but not against the trunk)
• Maintaining appropriate spacing between trees for air circulation
• Watering during dry periods, especially for young or newly planted trees
• Prompt removal of storm-damaged limbs
  

For property owners, working with a qualified arborist for regular inspections is one of the most effective ways to catch fungal problems early and avoid costly interventions later.

The Expertise of Middlesbrough Tree Surgeon

Middlesbrough Tree Surgeon offers expert fungal diagnosis and treatment services across the Teesside area. Our fully qualified team provides:

• Professional inspections for early detection
• Customised treatment plans using up-to-date scientific methods
• Safe tree removals where necessary
• Soil restoration and advice for long-term tree health
• Compliance with UK safety and environmental regulations

Whether dealing with a single infected tree or managing multiple trees in a commercial or residential landscape, we focus on sustainable, cost-effective solutions that protect both your property and the local ecosystem.

Conclusion

Fungal infections in trees are a serious issue that require expert attention. While some fungi are benign or even beneficial, others can lead to significant decay and pose a danger to people, property, and surrounding trees.

With the help of trained professionals like Middlesbrough Tree Surgeon, it’s possible to manage or even reverse many fungal infections through careful pruning, soil management, and ongoing care. The key is acting early and relying on informed, science-based decisions rather than guesswork.

If you’re concerned about tree fungus on your property, contact Middlesbrough Tree Surgeon today for a comprehensive assessment and tailored treatment strategy. Healthy trees are safer, stronger, and better for everyone.